While there are many variations of anxiety disorders, panic disorder is a common one. It includes the occurrence of panic attacks and constant worry about having more panic attacks. Agoraphobia (fear of open spaces and crowds) is also present in about one-third of those who suffer from panic disorder. It is a vicious circle, since an attack be negative socially, causing real or perceived embarrassment for the sufferer.
Women are twice as likely to have panic disorder than men, and it usually develops in young adults in their mid-twenties or early thirties. So many people try to hide their condition, that it is difficult to tell how many are suffering untreated. It is important for these people to feel comfortable asking for help. While it is possible for symptoms to disappear for periods of time, if left untreated, it raises risk for other diseases such as heart attacks. The symptoms can become progressively worse until the sufferer is unable to work or keep friendships.
Smoking and drinking alcohol are considered two main triggers of panic disorder, as well as most other anxiety disorders. Luckily, these are causes that are easy to identify and stopping their use is a good way to start treatment. Smoking cigarettes is believed to trigger attacks since they cause respiratory changes - a main indicator of panic. Nicotine itself, being a stimulant, may also cause an attack. Alcohol is tricky since it temporarily eases symptoms. Unfortunately, long-term use of alcohol will increase risk of having an attack either while intoxicated or during the withdrawal period. This promotes more drinking, and the cycle continues.
There are many treatment options for panic disorder. Being able to differentiate between a heart attack and a panic attack is key. Learning that skill can be accomplished with the help of a professional health care provider such as a psychologist or counselor. Anti-depressants (SSRIs, MAOIs) and anti-anxiety drugs (benzodiazepines) may be used together or separately to moderate symptoms. Behavioral therapies have also been found greatly effective, the most popular method being Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy.
A specific type of this therapy graduallly exposes the sufferer to physical symptoms of an attack, and with time they learn to reduce their anxiety and become more comfortable in a greater variety of situations. Examples of these simple exercises include: intentional hyperventilation, spinning in a chair, breathing through a straw or holding breath and running in place. While there is no one cause for panic disorder, the research continues and there is hope for all who suffer.
